SYMPTOMS

Common symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder include:

• Overthinking and planning for worst-case scenarios
• Persistent worry or anxiety about everyday things
• Difficulty with uncertainty
• Having a hard time concentrating
• Indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision
• Feeling restless or having trouble relaxing
• Irritability

Common physical symptoms of GAD  include:

• Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
• Fatigue
• Sweating
• Headaches, stomachaches, or muscle aches
• Nausea or diarrhea

Treatment

Treatment can often provide individuals relief from symptoms. Plans may vary but commonly include:

• Psychotherapy
  • Psychotherapy (talk therapy) helps reduce symptoms of GAD for many. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be the most effective form of psychotherapy in the treatment of GAD. CBT teaches individuals skills to help them manage worries or feelings of anxiety. This process allows individuals to overcome symptoms of anxiety.

• Medication
  • Antidepressants, including medications in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) classes, are the most commonly used medications to treat GAD.
  • Anti-anxiety medications, such as Buspirone, may also be used to treat GAD.
  • Benzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, may also be prescribed to treat symptoms of anxiety in limited circumstances. These medications can be helpful in rapidly decreasing symptoms of anxiety. However, they are often habit forming, causing them to typically be prescribed on only a short-term basis.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about generalized anxiety disorder, we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more about GAD,  the following resources are suggested:
  • ADAA: https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders/Treatment

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorder that causes symptoms of anxiety and/or fear in social situations. The person may fear humiliation, judgment, rejection, or other negative feelings. 

Social anxiety can make everyday tasks feel like a challenge. The fear is often so strong that individuals feel as though it is beyond their control. This can lead to troubles functioning throughout day-to-day life. 

Symptoms

Although symptoms vary, those with social anxiety disorder may experience the following symptoms when in front of or around others:

• Not speaking or only speaking quietly
• Making little eye contact
• Feeling nauseous
• Blushing, sweating, and/or trembling
• Having a hard time talking to people
• Feeling very self-conscious
• Isolating from others

Treatment

Treatment plans vary, so it is important to speak with your health care provider to create a plan tailored to your specific needs. Your provider may refer you to a specialist, such as a psychiatrist, counselor, or psychologist. 

Social anxiety disorder is generally treated with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, or a combination of both. 

• There are various types of psychotherapy, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used in treatment of this disorder. CBT helps teach individuals different ways to think and react in situations that cause anxiety.
• Medication types that are commonly used to treat social anxiety disorder include anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants, and beta-blockers.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about social anxiety disorder we recommend contacting your healthcare provider. 
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NIMH “More Than Just Shyness”: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorder that causes symptoms of anxiety and/or fear in social situations. The person may fear humiliation, judgment, or rejection. 

Everyday tasks such as ordering food, asking a question in class, using a public restroom, or more, can all be a challenge for those with the disorder. The fear is often so strong that individuals feel as though it is beyond their control. This can lead to troubles functioning throughout day-to-day life. 

Symptoms

Although symptoms vary, those with social anxiety disorder may experience the following symptoms when in front of or around others:

• Not speaking or only speaking quietly
• Making little eye contact
• Feeling nauseous
• Blushing, sweating, and/or trembling
• Having a hard time talking to people
• Feeling very self-conscious
• Isolating from others

Treatment

Treatment plans vary, so it is important to speak with your health care provider to create a plan tailored to your specific needs. Your provider may refer you to a specialist, such as a psychiatrist, counselor, or psychologist. 

Social anxiety disorder is generally treated with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, or a combination of both. 

• There are various types of psychotherapy, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used in treatment of this disorder. CBT helps teach individuals different ways to think and react in situations that cause anxiety.
• Medication types that are commonly used to treat social anxiety disorder include anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants, and beta-blockers.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about social anxiety disorder we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NIMH “More Than Just Shyness”: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders

What is Stress?

Stress is generally a response to an external cause, and may be felt as a physical or mental response. These causes can include, but are not limited to, a heavy workload, illness, or significant life changes.

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety generally stems from an internal cause. However, anxiety can occur and persist even when there is no current threat. If one’s anxiety continues over time, it can begin to interfere with their health and overall wellbeing.

STress

• Generally a response to an external cause
• The stress typically goes away when the situation causing stress is resolved
• Stress can be positive, such as in situations in which you have a deadline you need to be pushed to meet

Both

• Stress and anxiety both affect the mind and body
• The symptoms of the two are similar and often overlap. Symptoms include, but are not limited to:
  • Loss of sleep
  • Headaches
  • Feeling uneasy
  • Tension
  • High blood pressure
  • Excessive worry

Anxiety

• Generally internal, as a reaction to stress
• Persistent feelings and symptoms of anxiety, even when no threat is present
• Often accompanied with feelings of dread or apprehension that don’t go away and can interfere with life

Coping with Stress and Anxiety

We suggest starting your coping process by trying to learn what causes your stress, and subsequent anxiety. By gaining a better understanding of the causes, it will be easier to determine what coping strategies and techniques may be right for you. 

When you are beginning to feel stressed, we recommend the following:

• Challenge negative thoughts and try to consciously replace them with positive thoughts
• Keep a journal in which you can write your thoughts and feelings, or even doodle if that provides relief to you
• Practice relaxation activities that you enjoy, such as reading, meditating, or anything else that might help you relax
• Increase your physical activity levels even if only in small amounts, exercise can have many benefits to your mind and body
• Avoid excessive amounts of caffeine especially before bed
• Create a sleep routine that is consistent and provides an adequate amount of rest
• Reach out to your support network of family, friends, and/or health care provider

Treatment and More Help

It is important to reach out to your healthcare provider if your symptoms persist over time or if you feel like you are struggling to cope. With the help of a provider, you can better learn the causes of your symptoms and best course of action for treatment.

If you are in immediate distress or are thinking about hurting yourself, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988.

More RESOURCES

• To learn more about the difference between stress and anxiety we recommend contacting your healthcare provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NAMI “I’m So Stressed Out”: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet  
  • National Council for Mental Wellbeing: https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/external/2018/06/stress-vs-anxiety/
  • American Psychological Association: https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/anxiety-difference

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, also known as “talk therapy,” allows individuals to work directly with their healthcare provider to reduce anxiety symptoms. There are many types of psychotherapy all with their own benefits, but the most commonly used for the treatment of anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT helps one take a new perspective in their thoughts, behaviors, and reactions. After learning these skills, many individuals find that their anxiety symptoms decrease and become more manageable. Another type of psychotherapy commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT aims to help reduce anxiety and discomfort through mindfulness and goal setting. 

Medication

Medication can also be used to help individuals struggling with an anxiety disorder. However, it is important to note that medications often can have side effects, so it is important to speak with your healthcare provider about any concerns you may have.

Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications are both commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but they can also decrease many symptoms of anxiety disorders.

Anti-anxiety medications help decrease symptoms of anxiety including panic attacks, extreme worries, and more. Benzodiazepines may be used to help manage anxiety symptoms. Although benzodiazepines can be very beneficial and quick acting, they are typically only prescribed in short-periods of time due to how easily one can build a tolerance and dependence for the medication.

Complementary and Alternative Treatments

In addition to psychotherapy or medication, many people have turned to complementary and alternative treatments. These treatments vary but include:

• Stress relief and relaxation techniques that are aimed at calming the mind and body.
• Self management plans to help gain control over the day.
• Exercise even in small amounts can often reduce anxiety symptoms.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about anxiety disorders and how they can be treated, we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders/Treatment
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders
  • Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anxiety/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350967

SYMPTOMS

Common symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder include:

• Overthinking and planning for worst-case scenarios
• Persistent worry or anxiety about everyday things
• Difficulty with uncertainty
• Having a hard time concentrating
• Indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision
• Feeling restless or having trouble relaxing
• Irritability

Common physical symptoms of GAD  include:

• Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
• Fatigue
• Sweating
• Headaches, stomachaches, or muscle aches
• Nausea or diarrhea

Treatment

Treatment can often provide individuals relief from symptoms. Plans may vary but commonly include:

• Psychotherapy
  • Psychotherapy (talk therapy) helps reduce symptoms of GAD for many. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be the most effective form of psychotherapy in the treatment of GAD. CBT teaches individuals skills to help them manage worries or feelings of anxiety. This process allows individuals to overcome symptoms of anxiety.

• Medication
  • Antidepressants, including medications in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) classes, are the most commonly used medications to treat GAD.
  • Anti-anxiety medications, such as Buspirone, may also be used to treat GAD.
  • Benzodiazepines, which are anti-anxiety sedative medications, may also be prescribed to treat symptoms of anxiety in limited circumstances. These medications can be helpful in rapidly decreasing symptoms of anxiety. However, they are often habit forming, causing them to typically be prescribed on only a short-term basis.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about generalized anxiety disorder, we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more about GAD,  the following resources are suggested:
  • ADAA: https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders/Treatment

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorder that causes symptoms of anxiety and/or fear in social situations. The person may fear humiliation, judgment, or rejection. 

Everyday tasks such as ordering food, asking a question in class, using a public restroom, or more, can all be a challenge for those with the disorder. The fear is often so strong that individuals feel as though it is beyond their control. This can lead to troubles functioning throughout day-to-day life. 

Symptoms

Although symptoms vary, those with social anxiety disorder may experience the following symptoms when in front of or around others:

• Feeling nauseous
• Making little eye contact
• Speaking quietly
• Blushing, sweating, and/or trembling
• Having a hard time talking to people
• Feeling very self-conscious
• Isolating from others

Treatment

Treatment plans vary, so it is important to speak with your health care provider to create a plan tailored to your specific needs. Your provider may refer you to a specialist, such as a psychiatrist, counselor, or psychologist. 

Social anxiety disorder is generally treated with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, or a combination of both. 

• There are various types of psychotherapy, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used in treatment of this disorder. CBT helps teach individuals different ways to think and react in situations that cause anxiety.
• Medication types that are commonly used to treat social anxiety disorder include anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants, and beta-blockers.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about social anxiety disorder we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders

Psychotherapy

There are many different types of psychotherapy, but the most often used type to treat anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT focuses on finding what thinking patterns are leading to one’s anxiety. It also aims to help teach individuals how to reduce beliefs or behaviors that lead to anxiety.

Medication

For some, medication can be quite beneficial in managing an anxiety disorder. However, medications do often have side effects and risks, so it is important to speak with your health care provider about any concerns you may have.

For the treatment of anxiety disorders, both anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants are used. Anti-anxiety medications work solely to reduce physical and emotional symptoms of anxiety. Antidepressants can also be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety. They also aim to help treat depression, which is often co-occurring with anxiety disorders. 

Complementary and Alternative Treatments

Many people have begun using complementary and alternative treatments alongside conventional treatment to help treat their anxiety disorder. These treatments vary, but often include:

• Stress relief and relaxation techniques that are aimed at calming the mind and body.
• Self management plans to help gain control over the day.
• Exercise even in small amounts can often reduce anxiety symptoms.

Finding TREATMENT AND RESOURCES

• To learn more about anxiety and treatment, we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders/Treatment
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

What is Stress?

Stress is generally a physical or mental response to an external cause. These causes can include, but are not limited to, a heavy workload, illness, significant life change, or relationship difficulties.

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety generally stems from an internal cause, such as stress. However, anxiety can occur and persist even when there is no current threat. If one’s anxiety doesn’t go away overtime, it can begin to interfere with their health and wellbeing.

STress

• Generally a response to an external cause
• When the situation causing stress is resolved, the stress typically goes away
• Can be positive, such as in situations in which you have a deadline you need to be pushed to meet

Both

• Stress and anxiety both can affect the mind and body
• The symptoms of the two are similar and often overlap. Symptoms include, but are not limited to:
  • Loss of sleep
  • Headaches
  • Feeling uneasy
  • Tension
  • High blood pressure
  • Excessive worry

Anxiety

• Generally internal, as a reaction to stress
• Persistent feelings and symptoms of anxiety, even when no threat is present
• Often accompanied with feelings of dread or apprehension that don’t go away

Coping with Stress and Anxiety

We suggest trying to learn what causes your stress, and subsequent anxiety. Better understanding the causes can help determine what coping techniques may be right for you. When you are beginning to feel stressed, we recommend the following:

• Practice relaxation activities that you enjoy
• Keep a journal in which you can write your thoughts and feelings, or even doodle if that provides relief to you
• Exercise even if only in small amounts
• Challenge negative thoughts and try to consciously replace them with positive thoughts
• Avoid excessive amounts of caffeine especially before bed
• Create a sleep routine that is consistent and provides an adequate amount of rest
• Reach out to your support network of family, friends, and/or health care provider

Treatment and More Help

If your symptoms persist over time, or you feel like you are struggling to cope, it is important to reach out for more help. A health care provider can help you determine the causes and best plan of action for treating your stress or anxiety.

If you are in immediate distress or are thinking about hurting yourself, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255) 

More RESOURCES

• To learn more we recommend contacting your health care provider.
• To read more, the following resources are suggested:
  • NAMI “I’m So Stressed Out” – https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet  
  • NIMH “Things to Know About Stress” – https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress#pub3
  • National Council for Mental Wellbeing – https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/external/2018/06/stress-vs-anxiety/

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, which is also referred to as talk therapy or counseling, involves working with a therapist or mental health professional to help reduce anxiety symptoms.

One of the most effective forms of treating anxiety using psychotherapy is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This form of therapy focuses on teaching an individual the skills needed to help complete everyday tasks and feel their best while doing so. 

Medications

Various different types of medication are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, all with the goal of relieving the anxiety symptoms of the user. 

Types of medication used to treat anxiety disorders include:

• • Certain antidepressants
  • Anti-anxiety medications, such as buspirone
  • In some cases, benzodiazepines

More information and RESOURCES

• We recommend talking to your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns you may have.
• To learn more about anxiety disorders and the treatment used, we suggest the following links:
  • NAMI: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Anxiety-Disorders
  • NIMH: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders